Maven Web應(yīng)用

本章節(jié)我們將學(xué)習(xí)如何使用版本控制系統(tǒng) Maven 來(lái)管理一個(gè)基于 web 的項(xiàng)目，如何創(chuàng)建、構(gòu)建、部署已經(jīng)運(yùn)行一個(gè) web 應(yīng)用。

創(chuàng)建 Web 應(yīng)用

我們可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的 Java web 應(yīng)用。

打開(kāi)命令控制臺(tái)，進(jìn)入到 C:\MVN 文件夾，然后執(zhí)行以下的 mvn 命令：

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp  -DinteractiveMode=false

執(zhí)行完后 Maven 將開(kāi)始處理，并且創(chuàng)建完整的于Java Web 項(xiàng)目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO]    task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project 
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

執(zhí)行完后，我們可以在 C:/MVN 文件夾下看到 trucks 項(xiàng)目，查看項(xiàng)目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：

Maven 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，各個(gè)目錄作用如下表所示：

文件夾結(jié)構(gòu)	描述
trucks	包含 src 文件夾和 pom.xml 文件。
src/main/webapp	包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夾.
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF	包含 web.xml 文件
src/main/resources	包含圖片、properties資源文件。

pom.xml 文件代碼如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>
   <artifactId>trucks</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <finalName>trucks</finalName>
   </build>
</project>

接下來(lái)我們打開(kāi) C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夾，可以看到一個(gè)已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的 index.jsp 文件，代碼如下：

<html>
   <body>
      <h2>Hello World!</h2>
   </body>
</html>

構(gòu)建 Web 應(yīng)用

打開(kāi)命令控制臺(tái)，進(jìn)入 C:\MVN\trucks 目錄，然后執(zhí)行下面的以下 mvn 命令：

C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package

Maven 將開(kāi)始構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
[INFO]    task-segment: [clean, package]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to 
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to 
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory 
C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

部署 Web 應(yīng)用

打開(kāi) C:\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夾，找到 trucks.war 文件，并復(fù)制到你的 web 服務(wù)器的 web 應(yīng)用目錄，然后重啟 web 服務(wù)器。

測(cè)試 Web 應(yīng)用

訪問(wèn)以下 URL 運(yùn)行 web 應(yīng)用：

http://:/trucks/index.jsp

驗(yàn)證結(jié)果：

Maven自動(dòng)化部署 Eclipse導(dǎo)入Maven項(xiàng)目

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Maven Web應(yīng)用

創(chuàng)建 Web 應(yīng)用

測(cè)試 Web 應(yīng)用

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