在 Java 8之前,接口可以有常量變量和抽象方法。
我們不能在接口中提供方法實(shí)現(xiàn)。如果我們要提供抽象方法和非抽象方法(方法與實(shí)現(xiàn))的組合,那么我們就得使用抽象類。
public class Tester {
public static void main(String []args) {
LogOracle log = new LogOracle();
log.logInfo("");
log.logWarn("");
log.logError("");
log.logFatal("");
LogMySql log1 = new LogMySql();
log1.logInfo("");
log1.logWarn("");
log1.logError("");
log1.logFatal("");
}
}
final class LogOracle implements Logging {
@Override
public void logInfo(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "INFO");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logWarn(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "WARN");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logError(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "ERROR");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logFatal(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "FATAL");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void getConnection() {
System.out.println("Open Database connection");
}
@Override
public void closeConnection() {
System.out.println("Close Database connection");
}
}
final class LogMySql implements Logging {
@Override
public void logInfo(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "INFO");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logWarn(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "WARN");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logError(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "ERROR");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void logFatal(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "FATAL");
closeConnection();
}
@Override
public void getConnection() {
System.out.println("Open Database connection");
}
@Override
public void closeConnection() {
System.out.println("Close Database connection");
}
}
interface Logging {
String ORACLE = "Oracle_Database";
String MYSQL = "MySql_Database";
void logInfo(String message);
void logWarn(String message);
void logError(String message);
void logFatal(String message);
void getConnection();
void closeConnection();
}
以上實(shí)例執(zhí)行輸出結(jié)果為:
Open Database connection
Log Message : INFO
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : WARN
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : ERROR
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : FATAL
Close Database connection
在上面的例子中,每個(gè)日志方法都有自己的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
在 Java 8 接口引入了一些新功能——默認(rèn)方法和靜態(tài)方法。我們可以在Java SE 8的接口中編寫方法實(shí)現(xiàn),僅僅需要使用 default 關(guān)鍵字來(lái)定義它們。
在 Java 8 中,一個(gè)接口中能定義如下幾種變量/方法:
• 常量
• 抽象方法
• 默認(rèn)方法
• 靜態(tài)方法
public class Tester {
public static void main(String []args) {
LogOracle log = new LogOracle();
log.logInfo("");
log.logWarn("");
log.logError("");
log.logFatal("");
LogMySql log1 = new LogMySql();
log1.logInfo("");
log1.logWarn("");
log1.logError("");
log1.logFatal("");
}
}
final class LogOracle implements Logging {
}
final class LogMySql implements Logging {
}
interface Logging {
String ORACLE = "Oracle_Database";
String MYSQL = "MySql_Database";
default void logInfo(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "INFO");
closeConnection();
}
default void logWarn(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "WARN");
closeConnection();
}
default void logError(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "ERROR");
closeConnection();
}
default void logFatal(String message) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + "FATAL");
closeConnection();
}
static void getConnection() {
System.out.println("Open Database connection");
}
static void closeConnection() {
System.out.println("Close Database connection");
}
}
以上實(shí)例執(zhí)行輸出結(jié)果為:
Open Database connection
Log Message : INFO
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : WARN
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : ERROR
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : FATAL
Close Database connection
Java 9 不僅像 Java 8 一樣支持接口默認(rèn)方法,同時(shí)還支持私有方法。
在 Java 9 中,一個(gè)接口中能定義如下幾種變量/方法:
• 常量
• 抽象方法
• 默認(rèn)方法
• 靜態(tài)方法
• 私有方法
• 私有靜態(tài)方法
以下實(shí)例提取了冗余到通用方法,看起來(lái)明顯更簡(jiǎn)潔:
public class Tester {
public static void main(String []args) {
LogOracle log = new LogOracle();
log.logInfo("");
log.logWarn("");
log.logError("");
log.logFatal("");
LogMySql log1 = new LogMySql();
log1.logInfo("");
log1.logWarn("");
log1.logError("");
log1.logFatal("");
}
}
final class LogOracle implements Logging {
}
final class LogMySql implements Logging {
}
interface Logging {
String ORACLE = "Oracle_Database";
String MYSQL = "MySql_Database";
private void log(String message, String prefix) {
getConnection();
System.out.println("Log Message : " + prefix);
closeConnection();
}
default void logInfo(String message) {
log(message, "INFO");
}
default void logWarn(String message) {
log(message, "WARN");
}
default void logError(String message) {
log(message, "ERROR");
}
default void logFatal(String message) {
log(message, "FATAL");
}
private static void getConnection() {
System.out.println("Open Database connection");
}
private static void closeConnection() {
System.out.println("Close Database connection");
}
}
以上實(shí)例執(zhí)行輸出結(jié)果為:
Open Database connection
Log Message : INFO
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : WARN
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : ERROR
Close Database connection
Open Database connection
Log Message : FATAL
Close Database connection